Lexer.cpp

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#include "Lexer.hpp"
#include <cctype>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <utility>
 
namespace pulsar
{
 
Lexer::Lexer(std::string source) : source(std::move(source))
{
}
 
void Lexer::skipShebang()
{
    if (position == 0 && peek() == '#' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '!')
    {
        while (!isAtEnd() && peek() != '\n')
        {
            advance();
        }
    }
}
 
std::vector<Phasor::Token> Lexer::tokenize()
{
    std::vector<Phasor::Token> tokens;
    skipShebang();
    while (!isAtEnd())
    {
        skipWhitespace();
        if (isAtEnd())
        {
            break;
        }
        tokens.push_back(scanToken());
    }
    tokens.push_back({Phasor::TokenType::EndOfFile, "", line, column});
    return tokens;
}
 
char Lexer::peek()
{
    if (isAtEnd())
    {
        return '\0';
    }
    return source[position];
}
 
char Lexer::advance()
{
    char c = source[position++];
    column++;
    if (c == '\n')
    {
        line++;
        column = 1;
    }
    return c;
}
 
bool Lexer::isAtEnd()
{
    return position >= source.length();
}
 
void Lexer::skipWhitespace()
{
    while (!isAtEnd())
    {
        char c = peek();
        if (std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) != 0)
        {
            advance();
        }
        else if (c == '/' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '/')
        {
            // Skip single-line comment
            while (!isAtEnd() && peek() != '\n')
            {
                advance();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
 
Phasor::Token Lexer::scanToken()
{
    char c = peek();
    if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) != 0)
    {
        return identifier();
    }
    if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) != 0)
    {
        return number();
    }
    if (c == '"')
    {
        return string();
    }
    if (c == '`')
    {
        return complexString();
    }
 
    // Multi-character operators
    if (c == '+' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '+')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "++", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '-' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '-')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "--", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '=' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '=')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "==", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '!' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '=')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "!=", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '-' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '>')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "->", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '<' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '=')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "<=", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '>' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '=')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, ">=", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '&' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '&')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "&&", line, column};
    }
    if (c == '|' && position + 1 < source.length() && source[position + 1] == '|')
    {
        advance();
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, "||", line, column};
    }
 
    // Single-character symbols (parentheses, operators, punctuation, etc.)
    if (std::string("()+-*/%<>=!&|.{}:;,[]").find(c) != std::string::npos)
    {
        advance();
        return {Phasor::TokenType::Symbol, std::string(1, c), line, column};
    }
 
    advance();
    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(1, c), line, column};
}
 
Phasor::Token Lexer::identifier()
{
    size_t start = position;
    while ((std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(peek())) != 0) || peek() == '_')
    {
        advance();
    }
    std::string text = source.substr(start, position - start);
 
    static const std::vector<std::string> keywords = {"let", "func", "print", "if", "else", "while"};
 
    for (const auto &kw : keywords)
    {
        if (text == kw)
        {
            return {Phasor::TokenType::Keyword, text, line, column};
        }
    }
 
    return {Phasor::TokenType::Identifier, text, line, column};
}
 
Phasor::Token Lexer::number()
{
    size_t start = position;
    while (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(peek())) != 0)
    {
        advance();
    }
    if (peek() == '.' && position + 1 < source.length() &&
        (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(source[position + 1])) != 0))
    {
        advance();
        while (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(peek())) != 0)
        {
            advance();
        }
    }
    return {Phasor::TokenType::Number, source.substr(start, position - start), line, column};
}
 
static int hexValue(char c)
{
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
    {
        return c - '0';
    }
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
    {
        return 10 + (c - 'a');
    }
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
    {
        return 10 + (c - 'A');
    }
    return -1;
}
 
Phasor::Token Lexer::string()
{
    size_t             tokenLine = line;
    size_t             tokenColumn = column;
    std::ostringstream out;
    advance(); // Skip opening quote
 
    while (!isAtEnd())
    {
        char c = advance();
 
        // Raw newline inside a string is treated as unterminated/error.
        if (c == '\n')
        {
            // Unterminated string literal
            return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
        }
 
        if (c == '\\')
        {
            if (isAtEnd())
            {
                // Unterminated escape at end of file
                return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
            }
            char esc = advance();
            switch (esc)
            {
            case 'n':
                out << '\n';
                break;
            case 't':
                out << '\t';
                break;
            case 'r':
                out << '\r';
                break;
            case '\\':
                out << '\\';
                break;
            case '"':
                out << '"';
                break;
            case '\'':
                out << '\'';
                break;
            case '0':
                out << '\0';
                break;
            case 'b':
                out << '\b';
                break;
            case 'f':
                out << '\f';
                break;
            case 'v':
                out << '\v';
                break;
            case 'x': {
                // Hex escape sequence: \xHH
                if (isAtEnd())
                {
                    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
                }
                char h1 = advance();
                if (isAtEnd())
                {
                    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
                }
                char h2 = advance();
                int  v1 = hexValue(h1);
                int  v2 = hexValue(h2);
                if (v1 < 0 || v2 < 0)
                {
                    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
                }
                char value = static_cast<char>((v1 << 4) | v2);
                out << value;
                break;
            }
            default:
                // Unknown escape: be permissive and append the escaped character as-is.
                out << esc;
                break;
            }
        }
        else if (c == '"')
        {
            // Closing quote
            return {Phasor::TokenType::String, out.str(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
        }
        else
        {
            out << c;
        }
    }
 
    // If we get here, string was unterminated
    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
}
 
Phasor::Token Lexer::complexString()
{
    size_t             tokenLine = line;
    size_t             tokenColumn = column;
    std::ostringstream out;
    advance(); // Skip opening backtick
 
    // Not even attempting ${} syntax for now. Just read as a raw string.
 
    while (!isAtEnd())
    {
        char c = advance();
 
        if (c == '`')
        {
            // Closing backtick
            return {Phasor::TokenType::String, out.str(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
        }
 
        out << c;
    }
 
    // If we get here, string was unterminated
    return {Phasor::TokenType::Unknown, std::string(), tokenLine, tokenColumn};
}
} // namespace pulsar